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You are here: Home / Laboratory analysis

Posts

Potable water testing on ships

Potable Water Quality Testing on Ships & Marine Vessels

A regular programme of potable water testing on-board ships and other marine vessels is an essential management process required to maintain safe drinking water supplies for crew members, passengers and others. In this expert guide the water safety experts at Water Treatment Services consider the health risks that need to be considered by ship owners and officers and how these can be properly managed. We review the main regulations and international guidance on fresh water quality, and conclude with a summary of recommendations for the testing of drinking water quality in marine environments.

Read more →

BREEAM indoor air quality plan

What is a BREEAM Indoor Air Quality Plan?

Developing a good indoor air quality plan that follows the BREEAM environmental assessment and rating system can help businesses manage their construction and refurbishment planning processes to ensure they create better, healthier workspaces for their staff and others through the careful selection and use of suitable building materials, appropriate heating and ventilation, and other equipment.

Read more →

Blue-green algae testing

Testing for Blue-Green Algae in Lakes, Ponds & Recreational Waters

The ability to recognise blue-green algae and quickly confirm its presence using specialist algae testing can help owners, operators and managers of lakes, reservoirs and other watercourses, including recreational water sites, manage the potential health risks to people, pets and other animals. In this expert guide we consider what this algae is and how to recognise it, the risks to people and animals, how these risks can be managed, and the benefits of blue-green algae testing. We conclude by reviewing the recommended trigger levels from the World Health Organization, what these mean for the safe management of watercourses, and how best to treat unwanted algal blooms.

Read more →

Swimming pool water testing

Swimming Pool Water Testing

Water Testing for Swimming Pools, Spas & Hot Tubs

Swimming pool water testing

Specialist testing and analysis for pools, spas and hot tubs.

Water Treatment Services is a leading water and environmental engineering specialist offering a range of laboratory based microbiological analysis and swimming pool water testing solutions (including tests for spas, hot tubs and hydrotherapy pools) to businesses and private individuals throughout the UK and Ireland.

Our specialist laboratory procedures include tests for a range of common pathogens found in pool waters including E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Total coliforms, TVC/Aerobic colony counts, Legionella bacteria and other less common organisms that can contaminate pools.

If you’re one of the many UK businesses or private households who own or operate a pool, hot tub or spa, then you’ll already know that maintaining the quality of the water in your pool is something which can’t be ignored.

Specialist pool water analysis and testing

Our specialist laboratory water analysis solutions for pools, spas and hot tubs include:

  • Laboratory Water Testing & Analysis

    Specialist laboratory analysis of water from swimming pools, spas, hot tubs and hydrotherapy pools. Test for an extensive range of chemical and microbiological parameters.

  • Microbiological Water Analysis

    Laboratory analysis for a range of microbial parameters including E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Total coliforms, TVC/Aerobic colony count, Legionella bacteria and other waterborne pathogens that can contaminate pool waters.

  • Chemical Analysis

    Testing for specified chemical parameters in water.

  • In-field Sampling.

    Expert in-field water sampling.

Full national UK coverage

With offices in London serving the South and South East England, Manchester (North West), Birmingham (Midlands), Bristol (South East England and Wales), Leeds (North and North East) and Glasgow (Scotland), supported by regional teams of trained engineers and technicians we can offer professional, cost effective pool water testing, in-field sampling and laboratory microbiological analysis services across the UK and Ireland.

Contact Water Treatment Services today to learn how our professional water quality analysis, testing and sampling solutions can help maintain pool water quality, safety standards and regulatory compliance processes. To speak with one of our experts call us on 0330 223 31 31 or simply use this button.

Contact Us Today

Why test swimming pool water?

Unlike other water systems found in homes and commercial premises where the water is flushed or drained away after each use, swimming pools, hot tubs and spas could be considered as a re-circulating water system where the water is retained and re-used many times over. If you’re not testing the chemical and microbial water quality regularly, taking steps to maintain balance and keep it clean, issues such as pH and water clarity can change, and more worryingly bacteria can start to grow rapidly.

What bacteria can contaminate a pool, spa or hot tub?

Bacteria such as E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Legionella thrive in warm, poorly or untreated water and have the potential to make people using the pool or spa very ill. Don’t assume that water which appears crystal clear is clean and safe to use – the types of bacteria which can grow in water are invisible to the naked eye.

UK laws dealing with water quality testing in pools and spas

UK health and safety laws dealing with swimming pool and spa water quality, testing and treatment really only come into play if you’re running a business such as a leisure centre, gym or hotel, or the pool is in a holiday property which is let to paying guests.

Owners and operators of pools and spas need to ensure sure that the water quality and treatment programmes are effective and meet current standards. Although the law might not apply to domestic pools and spas, they provide excellent guidelines and standards which it makes sense to read, understand and comply with.

For more information both the Health and Safety Executive and the Pool Water Treatment Advisory Group (PWTAG) provide excellent guidance to help pool operators comply with health and safety law.

Microbial water testing

It is very important that regular microbial analysis is carried out to ensure the effectiveness of the water treatment programme is maintained and the pool is safe to use. Specialist microbial analysis is carried out in the laboratory, not in-field.

Swimming pool analysis

Swimming pools operated as part of a business should be tested on a monthly basis. Microbial testing of privately operated pools is at the owner’s discretion, however we recommend the same testing frequency.

Our swimming pool microbial laboratory testing suite includes for the following:

  • E. coli

  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa

  • Total coliforms

  • TVC/Aerobic colony count at 37C

Frequency – These tests should be carried out on a monthly basis.

Hot tubs and spa pool testing

Hot tubs and spa pools typically contain lower volumes of water and operate at higher temperatures than swimming pools. These factors can increase the potential for bacterial growth in the water, including the risks from Legionella bacteria and other waterborne pathogens.

Our hot tub and spa pool microbial testing suite includes for the following:

  • E. coli

  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa

  • Total coliforms

  • TVC/Aerobic colony count at 37C

  • Legionella bacteria

Frequency – These tests should be carried out on a monthly basis, or when the spa is first used or recommissioned, after a report of ill-health, if there are problems of contamination, or if there have been alterations in the treatment/maintenance programmes.

If there are reports of ill-health from bathers further testing may also be required for other organisms including Staphylococcus aureus, Cryptosporidium, Giardia and possibly viruses.

Monitoring pool balance and pH

In addition to routine microbial analysis of pool waters regular chemical testing should also be carried out. One of the most important chemical parameters you’ll need to keep under control in your swimming pool or spa is the pH of the water, often referred to as the “balance”. This is a way of determining how acidic or alkaline the water is.

Adding pool chemicals to the water can often change the pH levels and may prevent other chemicals from working as well as intended. pH is measured on a scale of 0 to 14. 0 is an extremely strong acid, 14 is strongly alkaline, and at the mid-point, 7, the water is neutral.

Experts agree that the ideal pH range for water in swimming pools or hot tubs is between 7.2 and 7.6. This is a range which is comfortable for skin and eyes, allows chlorine added to the water to work properly, and within this range water scale problems are unlikely.

If the water pH starts to fall too low into the “acidic” range, you may find that the water becomes irritating to skin or eyes, pool equipment including heater elements start to corrode. You may also start to notice a build-up of minerals around the edges of the pool itself.

On the other hand, if the water becomes too alkaline, you might notice skin irritation, but also water clarity reduces and scale starts to form on the sides of the spa or pool.

In the UK, mains water from the tap will have different pH levels depending on where you are in the country, how your water is treated and local geology – what type of rocks the water flows through on its way to your local reservoir. It’s therefore impossible to set-out a standard water treatment regime which works for everyone, as the water in tubs will tend to be different from the start.

Monitoring chlorine levels in your swimming pool

Measuring levels of chlorine or your biocide of choice in pool water is also important. Chlorine is currently the most popular biocide for the control of bacteria in pools but needs to be maintained at optimum levels – enough to kill any bacteria in the water, but not too much to cause health issues for bathers or accelerated corrosion of the equipment and other components used in the pool or spa.

Testing chemical parameters

There are various ways of testing the essential chemical parameters in your pool water including pH and chlorine (usually free or total chlorine).

  • pH testing

    Litmus paper test strips will measure pool water pH and are cost-effective, quick and simple to use. They work by turning a different colour depending on the pH of the water so you can easily read the result off a chart.

    Tablets are also available to measure pH, they work by dissolving in water and will change colour to indicate the result – they are also easy to use and inexpensive.

  • Chlorine testing

    Various DPD tablets (DPD1, 2, 3 and 4) are available and will measure chlorine levels – usually free and total chlorine. They are used with a comparator or a photometer to ensure the correct levels of chlorine are present in the pool water.

Electronic meters are also available that will measure pH and chlorine levels. These are simple to use but more costly than test strips and tablet methods.

Please remember that there is no “best” way of testing the chemical parameters of your water; the key is to understand why you should be testing, how to do it correctly, and to do it regularly.

Expert swimming pool water testing and microbiological analysis

Contact Water Treatment Services today to find out more about our laboratory water analysis services including microbiological testing of pool, spa, hot tub and hydrotherapy pool waters.

With offices in London serving the South and South East England, Manchester (North West), Birmingham (Midlands), Bristol (South East England and Wales), Leeds (North and North East) and Glasgow (Scotland), supported by regional teams of specially trained technicians and consultants we can offer professional, cost effective microbiological water analysis solutions across the whole of the UK and Ireland.

Contact us today for more information or for your FREE, no obligation quote.

Contact Us Today

You may also be interested in…

BREEAM indoor air quality plan

What is a BREEAM Indoor Air Quality Plan?

13 February, 2019
Read more
Sick building syndrome investigations

Sick Building Syndrome Investigations

3 February, 2019
Read more
LEV airflow indicators

LEV Airflow Indicators - Maintaining Extract Ventilation Performance

31 January, 2019
Read more
Side Stream Filtration to Improve Closed System Performance

Using Side Stream Filtration to Improve Closed System Performance

12 January, 2019
Read more
Hydrotherapy pool water safety

Managing Hydrotherapy Pool Water Safety

11 January, 2019
Read more
Greywater recycling

Adopting Greywater Recycling & Water Reuse Technologies

9 November, 2018
Read more
Seawater desalination

Is Seawater Desalination the Solution to Water Scarcity?

1 November, 2018
Read more
Borehole water wells

Borehole Water, Wells & Private Water Supplies

18 October, 2018
Read more
Trade effluent and liquid waste management

Trade Effluent & Liquid Waste Management

14 October, 2018
Read more
Cooling tower maintenance

Cooling Tower Maintenance

Read more
PreviousNext

Further reading…

More information about managing health and safety in swimming pools from the Health and Safety Executive (HSG179) … here →

REVIEWS

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Submit your review here

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Potable water testing on ships

Potable Water Quality Testing on Ships & Marine Vessels

A regular programme of potable water testing on-board ships and other marine vessels is an essential management process required to maintain safe drinking water supplies for crew members, passengers and others. In this expert guide the water safety experts at Water Treatment Services consider the health risks that need to be considered by ship owners and officers and how these can be properly managed. We review the main regulations and international guidance on fresh water quality, and conclude with a summary of recommendations for the testing of drinking water quality in marine environments.

Read more →

BREEAM indoor air quality plan

What is a BREEAM Indoor Air Quality Plan?

Developing a good indoor air quality plan that follows the BREEAM environmental assessment and rating system can help businesses manage their construction and refurbishment planning processes to ensure they create better, healthier workspaces for their staff and others through the careful selection and use of suitable building materials, appropriate heating and ventilation, and other equipment.

Read more →

Blue-green algae testing

Testing for Blue-Green Algae in Lakes, Ponds & Recreational Waters

The ability to recognise blue-green algae and quickly confirm its presence using specialist algae testing can help owners, operators and managers of lakes, reservoirs and other watercourses, including recreational water sites, manage the potential health risks to people, pets and other animals. In this expert guide we consider what this algae is and how to recognise it, the risks to people and animals, how these risks can be managed, and the benefits of blue-green algae testing. We conclude by reviewing the recommended trigger levels from the World Health Organization, what these mean for the safe management of watercourses, and how best to treat unwanted algal blooms.

Read more →

Swimming pool water testing

Swimming Pool Water Testing

Water Testing for Swimming Pools, Spas & Hot Tubs

Swimming pool water testing

Specialist testing and analysis for pools, spas and hot tubs.

Water Treatment Services is a leading water and environmental engineering specialist offering a range of laboratory based microbiological analysis and swimming pool water testing solutions (including tests for spas, hot tubs and hydrotherapy pools) to businesses and private individuals throughout the UK and Ireland.

Our specialist laboratory procedures include tests for a range of common pathogens found in pool waters including E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Total coliforms, TVC/Aerobic colony counts, Legionella bacteria and other less common organisms that can contaminate pools.

If you’re one of the many UK businesses or private households who own or operate a pool, hot tub or spa, then you’ll already know that maintaining the quality of the water in your pool is something which can’t be ignored.

Specialist pool water analysis and testing

Our specialist laboratory water analysis solutions for pools, spas and hot tubs include:

  • Laboratory Water Testing & Analysis

    Specialist laboratory analysis of water from swimming pools, spas, hot tubs and hydrotherapy pools. Test for an extensive range of chemical and microbiological parameters.

  • Microbiological Water Analysis

    Laboratory analysis for a range of microbial parameters including E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Total coliforms, TVC/Aerobic colony count, Legionella bacteria and other waterborne pathogens that can contaminate pool waters.

  • Chemical Analysis

    Testing for specified chemical parameters in water.

  • In-field Sampling.

    Expert in-field water sampling.

Full national UK coverage

With offices in London serving the South and South East England, Manchester (North West), Birmingham (Midlands), Bristol (South East England and Wales), Leeds (North and North East) and Glasgow (Scotland), supported by regional teams of trained engineers and technicians we can offer professional, cost effective pool water testing, in-field sampling and laboratory microbiological analysis services across the UK and Ireland.

Contact Water Treatment Services today to learn how our professional water quality analysis, testing and sampling solutions can help maintain pool water quality, safety standards and regulatory compliance processes. To speak with one of our experts call us on 0330 223 31 31 or simply use this button.

Contact Us Today

Why test swimming pool water?

Unlike other water systems found in homes and commercial premises where the water is flushed or drained away after each use, swimming pools, hot tubs and spas could be considered as a re-circulating water system where the water is retained and re-used many times over. If you’re not testing the chemical and microbial water quality regularly, taking steps to maintain balance and keep it clean, issues such as pH and water clarity can change, and more worryingly bacteria can start to grow rapidly.

What bacteria can contaminate a pool, spa or hot tub?

Bacteria such as E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Legionella thrive in warm, poorly or untreated water and have the potential to make people using the pool or spa very ill. Don’t assume that water which appears crystal clear is clean and safe to use – the types of bacteria which can grow in water are invisible to the naked eye.

UK laws dealing with water quality testing in pools and spas

UK health and safety laws dealing with swimming pool and spa water quality, testing and treatment really only come into play if you’re running a business such as a leisure centre, gym or hotel, or the pool is in a holiday property which is let to paying guests.

Owners and operators of pools and spas need to ensure sure that the water quality and treatment programmes are effective and meet current standards. Although the law might not apply to domestic pools and spas, they provide excellent guidelines and standards which it makes sense to read, understand and comply with.

For more information both the Health and Safety Executive and the Pool Water Treatment Advisory Group (PWTAG) provide excellent guidance to help pool operators comply with health and safety law.

Microbial water testing

It is very important that regular microbial analysis is carried out to ensure the effectiveness of the water treatment programme is maintained and the pool is safe to use. Specialist microbial analysis is carried out in the laboratory, not in-field.

Swimming pool analysis

Swimming pools operated as part of a business should be tested on a monthly basis. Microbial testing of privately operated pools is at the owner’s discretion, however we recommend the same testing frequency.

Our swimming pool microbial laboratory testing suite includes for the following:

  • E. coli

  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa

  • Total coliforms

  • TVC/Aerobic colony count at 37C

Frequency – These tests should be carried out on a monthly basis.

Hot tubs and spa pool testing

Hot tubs and spa pools typically contain lower volumes of water and operate at higher temperatures than swimming pools. These factors can increase the potential for bacterial growth in the water, including the risks from Legionella bacteria and other waterborne pathogens.

Our hot tub and spa pool microbial testing suite includes for the following:

  • E. coli

  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa

  • Total coliforms

  • TVC/Aerobic colony count at 37C

  • Legionella bacteria

Frequency – These tests should be carried out on a monthly basis, or when the spa is first used or recommissioned, after a report of ill-health, if there are problems of contamination, or if there have been alterations in the treatment/maintenance programmes.

If there are reports of ill-health from bathers further testing may also be required for other organisms including Staphylococcus aureus, Cryptosporidium, Giardia and possibly viruses.

Monitoring pool balance and pH

In addition to routine microbial analysis of pool waters regular chemical testing should also be carried out. One of the most important chemical parameters you’ll need to keep under control in your swimming pool or spa is the pH of the water, often referred to as the “balance”. This is a way of determining how acidic or alkaline the water is.

Adding pool chemicals to the water can often change the pH levels and may prevent other chemicals from working as well as intended. pH is measured on a scale of 0 to 14. 0 is an extremely strong acid, 14 is strongly alkaline, and at the mid-point, 7, the water is neutral.

Experts agree that the ideal pH range for water in swimming pools or hot tubs is between 7.2 and 7.6. This is a range which is comfortable for skin and eyes, allows chlorine added to the water to work properly, and within this range water scale problems are unlikely.

If the water pH starts to fall too low into the “acidic” range, you may find that the water becomes irritating to skin or eyes, pool equipment including heater elements start to corrode. You may also start to notice a build-up of minerals around the edges of the pool itself.

On the other hand, if the water becomes too alkaline, you might notice skin irritation, but also water clarity reduces and scale starts to form on the sides of the spa or pool.

In the UK, mains water from the tap will have different pH levels depending on where you are in the country, how your water is treated and local geology – what type of rocks the water flows through on its way to your local reservoir. It’s therefore impossible to set-out a standard water treatment regime which works for everyone, as the water in tubs will tend to be different from the start.

Monitoring chlorine levels in your swimming pool

Measuring levels of chlorine or your biocide of choice in pool water is also important. Chlorine is currently the most popular biocide for the control of bacteria in pools but needs to be maintained at optimum levels – enough to kill any bacteria in the water, but not too much to cause health issues for bathers or accelerated corrosion of the equipment and other components used in the pool or spa.

Testing chemical parameters

There are various ways of testing the essential chemical parameters in your pool water including pH and chlorine (usually free or total chlorine).

  • pH testing

    Litmus paper test strips will measure pool water pH and are cost-effective, quick and simple to use. They work by turning a different colour depending on the pH of the water so you can easily read the result off a chart.

    Tablets are also available to measure pH, they work by dissolving in water and will change colour to indicate the result – they are also easy to use and inexpensive.

  • Chlorine testing

    Various DPD tablets (DPD1, 2, 3 and 4) are available and will measure chlorine levels – usually free and total chlorine. They are used with a comparator or a photometer to ensure the correct levels of chlorine are present in the pool water.

Electronic meters are also available that will measure pH and chlorine levels. These are simple to use but more costly than test strips and tablet methods.

Please remember that there is no “best” way of testing the chemical parameters of your water; the key is to understand why you should be testing, how to do it correctly, and to do it regularly.

Expert swimming pool water testing and microbiological analysis

Contact Water Treatment Services today to find out more about our laboratory water analysis services including microbiological testing of pool, spa, hot tub and hydrotherapy pool waters.

With offices in London serving the South and South East England, Manchester (North West), Birmingham (Midlands), Bristol (South East England and Wales), Leeds (North and North East) and Glasgow (Scotland), supported by regional teams of specially trained technicians and consultants we can offer professional, cost effective microbiological water analysis solutions across the whole of the UK and Ireland.

Contact us today for more information or for your FREE, no obligation quote.

Contact Us Today

You may also be interested in…

BREEAM indoor air quality plan

What is a BREEAM Indoor Air Quality Plan?

13 February, 2019
Read more
Sick building syndrome investigations

Sick Building Syndrome Investigations

3 February, 2019
Read more
LEV airflow indicators

LEV Airflow Indicators - Maintaining Extract Ventilation Performance

31 January, 2019
Read more
Side Stream Filtration to Improve Closed System Performance

Using Side Stream Filtration to Improve Closed System Performance

12 January, 2019
Read more
Hydrotherapy pool water safety

Managing Hydrotherapy Pool Water Safety

11 January, 2019
Read more
Greywater recycling

Adopting Greywater Recycling & Water Reuse Technologies

9 November, 2018
Read more
Seawater desalination

Is Seawater Desalination the Solution to Water Scarcity?

1 November, 2018
Read more
Borehole water wells

Borehole Water, Wells & Private Water Supplies

18 October, 2018
Read more
Trade effluent and liquid waste management

Trade Effluent & Liquid Waste Management

14 October, 2018
Read more
Cooling tower maintenance

Cooling Tower Maintenance

Read more
PreviousNext

Further reading…

More information about managing health and safety in swimming pools from the Health and Safety Executive (HSG179) … here →

REVIEWS

[avia_codeblock_placeholder uid="2"]

Submit your review here

[avia_codeblock_placeholder uid="3"]
Drinking water testing

Drinking Water Testing

Drinking Water Testing & Analysis

Drinking water testing

Specialist drinking water testing and analysis

Water Treatment Services is a leading water, air and environmental specialist offering expert laboratory services including drinking water testing and analysis of both mains fed (tap water) and private water supplies to organisations and private individuals throughout the UK and Ireland.

Our potable water analysis procedures incorporate tests for metals and heavy metals, chemical and microbiological analysis, and in-field sampling services.

Why test drinking water?

When was the last time that you had the quality of your tap water tested? Here in the UK, our water utility companies have to conform to strict water quality standards set by the Government, and enforced by the regulator, the Drinking Water Inspectorate (DWI). These standards ensure that the water flowing through the mains distribution system is up to scratch at all times. However, once the water leaves the mains supply and enters a private residence or commercial building, the pipes, storage tanks, local distribution systems and other factors can start to affect the quality of the water. There are also properties, mostly in remote locations, which depend on other types of private water supplies such as springs, boreholes, rivers, lakes or wells and people using these types of supplies may need to carry out their own drinking water testing too.

Specialist drinking water testing & analysis

Our specialist laboratory based drinking water tests and water quality analysis solutions include:

  • Laboratory Water Testing & Analysis

    Specialist laboratory analysis of drinking water for metals, chemicals and microbiological parameters.

  • Mains Fed Tap Water Analysis

    Specialist suite of tests covering metal and chemical parameters specifically for mains fed water systems.

  • Private Water Supply Testing

    Specialist suite of tests covering metal and chemical parameters specifically for private water supplies, wells and borehole fed water systems.

  • Microbiological Water Analysis

    Specialist analysis for a range of microbial parameters including coliforms, E. coli, total viable count (TVC), enterococci, sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB), legionella and pseudomonas.

  • Monitoring & Validation

    Latest laboratory and in-field water analysis equipment to monitor and validate water treatment programme performance against regulatory standards.

  • In-field Sampling.

    Expert in-field water sampling.

Full national UK coverage

With offices in London serving the South and South East England, Manchester (North West), Birmingham (Midlands), Bristol (South East England and Wales), Leeds (North and North East) and Glasgow (Scotland), supported by regional teams of specially trained engineers, water treatment specialists and technicians we can offer professional, cost effective drinking water testing, in-field water sampling and laboratory analysis services across the UK and Ireland.

Contact WTS today to learn how our water quality analysis solutions can help identify contamination issues. To speak with one of our water testing experts call us on 0330 223 31 31 or simply use this button.

Contact Us Today

What can contaminate tap water?

If you are supplied by a water utility company and are concerned about what might be getting into your water between it leaving the public mains and coming out of the taps in your property, then a good place to start is by looking at how you treat your water, the type of water distribution systems you have in your building, the materials that have been used (lead, copper, plastic etc.) to construct the system, especially the pipes carrying the water and any water storage tanks.

Older domestic and commercial properties which have not been renovated since 1970 might have lead pipes either in the kitchen, bathrooms, or elsewhere in the property on the route the water takes to the tap.

Lead was a common material used for pipes and plumbing installations pre-1970 and can cause serious health issues, especially in children and pregnant women. If water testing identifies that lead is contaminating your water and is present at higher than the prescribed limits, you should take prompt action to replace the pipes. Other common drinking water contaminants are corrosion by-products, most often caused by copper corrosion or cast iron pipes rusting and leaching iron particles into the water supply. If this is happening, the water way contain increased levels of iron, copper or even manganese which can all lead to discolouration of the water and unsightly surface staining of baths, sinks, WC’s, pools and spas.

There are several microbiological contaminants that can also affect water quality including Legionella bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These bacterium will typically colonise a buildings local water distribution system and, under the right circumstances can cause serious health issues.

Testing private water supplies

If your water comes from a private water supply such as a well, spring, borehole or river, it is unlikely to have been through the intensive water treatment processing stages used by the water utility companies to filter and disinfect our mains drinking water. In the worse case scenario, this could mean that there are bacteria, viruses and a range of other chemical or metal contaminants in your water.

One of the main concerns when extracting from a private water supply is contamination with faecal matter, especially in rural and agricultural areas where the presence of animals and cattle may pollute local water courses. This can lead to dangerous contamination of the water by organisms such as E. coli and Salmonella. Other issues in such areas include contamination from elevated levels of nitrates, nitrites, sulphates and sulphides which can be caused by the intensive use of commercial fertilisers or sewage contamination.

Regular drinking water testing will help to make sure that the steps you are taking to treat your water are having the desired effect and that any unwanted contaminants are maintained within the safe limits set out by the government. If you are living or working in a property with a private water supply, testing the supply might be something you do on a regular basis.

  • More on the Water Supply Regulations

Drinking water testing

If you are testing drinking water for just one contaminant, such as lead or bacteria, then you might choose to use simple test strips or dip slides which you can dip in to the water to get your result. These are a quick and cost-effective way of testing your water but with one obvious drawback – you might get an answer about one type of contaminant but be completely unaware of other serious issues with your water. We recommend it’s better and safer to have your tap water tested by the experts at WTS, who can run a series of specialist drinking water tests in the laboratory to identify a range of specific microbiological, metal and chemical contaminants in your water, and determine at which levels they are present. These results would then be compared to the standards set out in the governments Water Supply Regulations, and a report produced. The report will flag up those contaminants which are of particular concern, allowing you to target your efforts to reduce risk.

Standard compliance suite of tests for potable (drinking) water

Our standard compliance suite of tests for potable (drinking) water is highly recommended and provides an excellent indication of overall water quality for general potable applications. This compliance suite includes for the following tests:

  • General colony microbial counts after 2 and 3 days
  • Clostridium perfringens (confirmed)
  • Total coliforms
  • E.coli
  • Conductivity
  • pH
  • Turbidity
  • Ammonium
  • Nitrite
  • Nitrate
  • Odour
  • Taste
  • Aluminium
  • Iron
  • Manganese
  • Colour

Mains fed water testing & analysis (chemical & metal)

Our standard suite of chemical and metal parameter tests for mains fed water supplies would typically include:

  • Chloride
  • Conductivity
  • Copper
  • Hardness
  • Iron
  • Lead
  • Alkalinity
  • Manganese
  • pH
  • Phosphate
  • TDS

Testing private water supplies & borehole water analysis (chemical & metal)

Our standard suite of chemical and metal parameter tests for private water supplies, wells, boreholes, lakes and rivers would typically include:

  • Chloride
  • Conductivity
  • Copper
  • Hardness
  • Iron
  • Lead
  • Alkalinity
  • Manganese
  • Nitrate
  • Nitrite
  • pH
  • Phosphate
  • Sulphate
  • Sulphide
  • TDS

Drinking water treatment techniques

Once you have your detailed drinking water analysis report giving information about the quality of your drinking water and any issues which have been found, you can then make plans for improving the quality of your water… or where this is not possible, to look for an alternative supply.

The approach and water treatment techniques selected will depend very much on the types of contaminants which have been identified. For example, if high levels of bacteria have been found in the water, the advice might be to use UV light to kill off the bugs, or add a suitable, DWI approved disinfectant to the water supply to kill them that way.

If the issue is corrosion in the pipes causing the water to become discoloured, then replacing the pipes might be the only option. If other types of contaminants are found, you might be able to filter them out by adding a filtration system either at the point where the water supply enters the property, or directly adjacent to the taps used for drinking water.

However, it’s important to remember that there is no point making any of these changes before you know whether or not you have a problem with water quality, and that can only be determined by specialist drinking water testing.

On-going water quality testing & analysis

Once you have invested in the correct improvements to your water supply, it’s then essential to have the water retested in exactly the same way so that you get an accurate comparison of the water quality before and after. It may also be well worthwhile implementing a regular programme of water testing to ensure water quality is maintained consistently.

Specialist drinking water testing for metals, chemicals & microbial contaminants

Contact WTS today to find out more about our laboratory water analysis services including drinking water testing for mains fed and private water supplies, and in-field sampling services.

With offices in London serving the South and South East England, Manchester (North West), Birmingham (Midlands), Bristol (South East England and Wales), Leeds (North and North East) and Glasgow (Scotland), supported by regional teams of specially trained technicians, in-field specialists and consultants we can offer cost effective environmental support solutions across the whole of the UK and Ireland.

Contact us today for more information or for your FREE, no obligation quote.

Contact Us Today

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Further reading…

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Testing water for metals

Metals Testing

Testing Water for Metals & Heavy Metals

Testing water for metals

Specialist metal and heavy metals analysis

WTS is a leading UK water, air and environmental services company offering a full range of environmental solutions to organisations throughout the UK and Ireland. Our expert laboratory analysis services include testing water for metals (and heavy metals), wastewater and trade effluent testing, chemical and microbiological analysis and in-field sampling services.

Why test water for metals?

There are a number of reasons why you may want to test water for metals, including some of the more common heavy metals such as lead, mercury and arsenic. You may extract your water from a private supply and be concerned about contamination of your drinking water, or you may be a business looking to satisfy trade effluent discharge standards for your wastewater. Whatever your reasons WTS has the expertise to help you.

Specialist water analysis & in-field sampling

Our specialist laboratory based water analysis and in-field sampling solutions include:

  • Laboratory Water Testing & Analysis

    Expert analysis of water, waste water and industrial effluents for metals, chemicals and microbiological parameters.

  • Physical Parameters

    Testing for specified physical parameters in water.

  • Monitoring & Validation

    Latest laboratory and in-field water analysis equipment to monitor and validate water treatment programme performance and satisfy discharge consent standards.

  • In-field Sampling.

    Expert in-field water sampling.

Full national UK coverage

With offices in London serving the South and South East England, Manchester (North West), Birmingham (Midlands), Bristol (South East England and Wales), Leeds (North and North East) and Glasgow (Scotland), supported by regional teams of specially trained engineers, water treatment service specialists and technical experts we can offer professional, cost effective water testing, in-field water sampling and laboratory analysis services across the UK and Ireland.

Contact WTS today to learn how our professional water quality analysis, in-field testing and sampling solutions can help improve your water quality, water treatment validation and regulatory compliance processes. To speak with one of our water testing experts call us on 0330 223 31 31 or simply use this button.

Contact Us Today

Understanding water quality

Here in the UK we’re lucky to have a safe and reliable supply of clean drinking water, literally on-tap. Most homes and commercial buildings in the UK get their mains water supplied directly by one of the big water companies, who have a responsibility to check the quality of the water being supplied, and testing it to ensure it falls within strict legal limits set by the regulators.

Water supplied for drinking (often called potable water) in the UK has to be constantly monitored, and there is an independent regulatory body called the Drinking Water Inspectorate (DWI) which monitors this. DWI inspectors regularly enter consumer properties to take water samples for independent analysis.

The quality of our drinking water is not something most of us need to worry about unless something goes wrong. However, if you’re buying or leasing a property for residential or commercial purposes which takes its water from a private water supply such as a well, borehole, spring or other water source, then it’s up to you to ensure your water meets the standards set in the Water Supply Regulations 2016. Confirming this may involve testing water for metals, chemicals, microbiological parameters and other common contaminants.

What metals are found in water?

In general, heavy metals contaminating our water supplies are less of a problem than they were in the past. With improved environmental awareness we’ve cleaned up our collective act when it comes to waste and wastewater disposal. Changing patterns of work have also meant that we just don’t have the heavy industrial processes that previously used iron, steel, lead, mercury, arsenic and other metals. However, that doesn’t mean there is now no longer any metal contamination of our water supplies. It’s therefore important that where you suspect there may be a metal contamination issue that you test your water to make sure concentrations’ do not exceed the safe limits set by the Government.

Some of the main metals and other elements you might find in water, and which could potentially cause health problems if present at high enough concentrations include:

  • Lead

    Although lead has been banned for use in water pipes and water storage tanks since the 1970s, many older properties which have not been renovated for years might still have lead pipes.

    Too much lead in drinking water can have serious consequences; lead poisoning can cause a range of health problems including headaches, high blood pressure, memory loss, abdominal pain, kidney failure, miscarriage or premature birth.

  • Mercury

    Mercury occurs naturally in the environment and can combine with other elements in the earth to form a variety of compounds.

    Unlike lead poisoning where the effects build up over time, short term exposure to high levels of mercury in drinking water can cause serious health issues including headaches, insomnia, kidney problems, as well as having an effect on hearing, vision and memor

  • Arsenic

    It’s not news that arsenic is poisonous, and this metallic element is found at differing levels throughout the UK. Long-term exposure to arsenic in drinking water is linked to a higher risk of developing several types of cancer as well as heart disease.

  • Aluminium

    Scientific research is still ongoing into the possible negative effects of aluminium in drinking water, with many press reports making a link with increased levels of dementia.

  • Iron

    Most iron contamination in our drinking water comes from old plumbing installations where old iron pipes and water tanks corrode, and leach iron into the water. High levels of iron in water are generally easy to spot as the water becomes discoloured.

  • Calcium

    If you live in a hard water area then there will be higher levels of calcium and magnesium salts dissolved in your water… when compared to soft water areas. There are no reported health issues associated with drinking hard water, but it can cause limescale damage to boilers, kettles, washing machines and other appliances that use untreated hard water.

Drinking water metal analysis

The UK’s 2016 Water Supply Regulations set out maximum allowable limits for metals and heavy metals in drinking water. If your water is supplied from a water utility company then they are obliged to meet these standards. However, if you extract from a private water supply such as a well, borehole, spring or other water source, then it’s up to you to ensure you meet these standards. The following limits on the maximum concentration levels of metals in drinking water are taken from the Water Supply Regulations 2016.

Maximum Concentration of Metals in Drinking Water - Water Supply Regulations
MetalMaximum concentration
in drinking water
Point of compliance
Aluminium (Al)200 µg/lConsumers’ taps
Antimony (Sb)5.0 µg/lConsumers’ taps
Arsenic (As)10 µg/lConsumers’ taps
Boron (B)1.0 mg/lConsumers’ taps
Cadmium (Cd)5.0 µg/lConsumers’ taps
Chromium (Cr)50 µg/lConsumers’ taps
Copper (Cu)2.0 µg/lConsumers’ taps
Iron (Fe)200 µg/lConsumers’ taps
Lead (Pb)10 µg/lConsumers’ taps
Manganese (Mn)50 µg/lConsumers’ taps
Mercury (Hg)1.0 µg/lConsumers’ taps
Nickel (Ni)20 µg/lConsumers’ taps
Selenium (Se)10 µg/lConsumers’ taps
Sodium (Na)200 µg/lConsumers’ taps

Trade effluent & waste water metals analysis

If you intend to discharge trade effluent or industrial waste water in to a public sewer or watercourse such as a stream, river, lake or the sea then you will need to obtain specific consent from your local sewerage undertaker. Your consent to discharge is likely to include strict limits on the quality of the effluent including its metal content. WTS can analyse your waste water and effluent streams for a range of common metals including the following:

  • Antimony
  • Arsenic
  • Barium
  • Cadmium
  • Chromium
  • Copper
  • Lead
  • Mercury
  • Molybdenum
  • Selenium
  • Zinc
  • Other metals

Making sure drinking water is safe

There are a number of steps you can take to make sure that your drinking water is safe, especially when you’re relying on water from a private supply or natural source rather than taking it from one of the big water utilities.

The approach selected in treating your water before drinking will very much depend on what type of contamination problems exist or are suspected. Testing water for metals, chemicals, microbiological and other contaminants is therefore important. The main methods used to treat water to make it suitable for drinking are:

  • Filtration

    Filtration is a very common technique and involves water flowing through a series of filters which are designed to remove particles of various sizes that contaminate the water. This process could be as simple as a jug filter with removable cartridge for use in a home kitchen, or a complex series of filters used to treat wastewater or industrial effluent that uses several different elements at various stages of the filtration process.

  • UV Treatment

    Ultra-violet or UV treatment is a commonly used technique to deal with microbiological contamination. Although this process won’t do anything to remove metals in your water, it’s a common way of dealing with bacteria that can contaminate drinking water supplies. The advantage of this technique is that it offers a chemical-free way of treating drinking water.

  • Chlorination

    Chlorination is a very common water treatment technique and has been used successfully for many years. Chlorine is the primary chemical added to municipal water supplies to kill off bugs and bacteria in drinking water to make it safer to drink. While treatment with chlorine is a cheap and simple way of dealing with microbiological contamination, it won’t deal with any metals in water.

Experts at testing water for metals & other contaminants

Contact WTS today to find out more about our laboratory water analysis services including testing water for metals, waste water and trade effluent analysis, chemical and microbiological testing and in-field sampling services.

With offices in London serving the South and South East England, Manchester (North West), Birmingham (Midlands), Bristol (South East England and Wales), Leeds (North and North East) and Glasgow (Scotland), supported by regional teams of specially trained technicians, in-field specialists and consultants we can offer professional, cost effective environmental support solutions across the whole of the UK and Ireland.

Contact us today for more information or for your FREE, no obligation quote.

Contact Us Today

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Water testing laboratory analysis and water sampling

Laboratory Water Testing

Water Testing & Expert Laboratory Analysis

Water testing and laboratory analysis

Professional laboratory water quality analysis services.

WTS is a leading independent UK water and environmental services company offering a comprehensive range of expert water testing laboratory analysis and in-field water sampling services to organisations and private individuals throughout the UK and Ireland.

Our laboratory water quality analysis and in-field sampling services have been developed to accurately identify the presence (or absence) of specified parameters within water samples.

This type of lab analysis helps to improve water quality testing procedures, water treatment and environmental hygiene programme validation and regulatory compliance processes.

Expert water testing and laboratory analysis services

Our specialist laboratory based water analysis and in-field water sampling solutions include:

  • Laboratory Water Testing & Analysis

    Expert microbiological analysis of water for Legionella, Pseudomonas, Coliforms, E.coli, Total Viable Counts (TVCs) and other parameters.

  • chemical parameters

    Laboratory testing for chemical parameters in water.

  • physical parameters

    Testing for specified physical parameters in water.

  • Monitoring & Validation

    Latest in-field water analysis equipment to monitor and validate water treatment programme performance.

  • In-field sampling.

    Expert in-field water sampling.

Full national UK cover

With offices in London serving the South and South East England, Manchester (North West), Birmingham (Midlands), Bristol (South East England and Wales), Leeds (North and North East) and Glasgow (Scotland), supported by regional teams of specially trained engineers, water treatment service specialists and technical experts we can offer professional, cost effective water testing, in-field water sampling and laboratory analysis services across the UK and Ireland.

Contact Water Treatment Services today to learn how our professional water quality analysis, in-field testing and sampling solutions can help improve your water quality, water treatment validation and regulatory compliance processes. To speak with one of our water testing experts call us on 0330 223 31 31 or simply use the button below to get our full contact details or submit our contact form.

Contact Us Today

Accurate water testing whenever required

Water quality assessment, evaluation and the expert interpretation of laboratory test results is incredibly important, which makes fast and accurate testing essential in so many different circumstances.

Our teams of highly trained technicians are experienced in obtaining and handling water samples so as to maintain a high standard throughout the sampling and collection process. Our water testing facilities are set up specifically to handle expert testing whenever required by our clients.

Our laboratory testing services include the analysis of potable water (drinking water), swimming pool and spa waters, hydrotherapy pools, natural recreational waters, domestic hot and cold water installations; water used in cooling systems, cooling towers, industrial and manufacturing processes, and other commercial and healthcare settings.

Testing for waterborne pathogens & chemicals

Our professional water quality analysis and in-field water sampling services cover a wide range of tests that include microbiological, chemical and physical parameters:

Microbiological testing of water

  • Legionella bacteria
  • Coliforms
  • E.coli
  • Total Viable Counts (TVCs)
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Pseudomonas species
  • Enterococci
  • Staphylococcus aureus

Chemical parameters in water

  • Scale
  • Corrosion
  • pH
  • Dissolved oxygen
  • Hardness, alkalinity
  • Redox potential
  • Chlorine
  • Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
  • Metals
  • Heavy metals
  • Non metals

Physical parameters in water

  • Effluent analysis
  • COD
  • Suspended solids
  • Conductivity
  • Resistivity
  • Silt Density Index (SDI)
  • Sludge Density

On completion of all our laboratory analysis procedures a full report is issued and our experts are be on-hand to explain the results and what these mean for you, your water systems and the safety and health of those exposed to your water systems.

You can therefore be confident in choosing us for all your in-field sampling, water testing and laboratory analysis requirements.

  • More on metals analysis

Water testing and laboratory analysis services

Water Treatment Services offer two professional water testing, sampling and laboratory analysis services to support your water analysis needs and they are as follows:

  • Managed Water Sampling Services

    The first of our water sampling services involves one of our experienced in-field technicians visiting your site at an agreed time to take samples from your water systems.

    If required they will also help to identify suitable sampling points.

    Details of the sampling points and water samples are then recorded and the samples taken to the laboratory for evaluation.

  • DIY Water Sampling

    The second of our sampling services is a “do-it-yourself” style service.

    It involves us providing you with a comprehensive kit that includes specially sterilised 1 litre sample bottles, ID labels, and full instructions together with a FREEpost return facility.

    This sampling kit will allow you to collect the samples, record details of each sample point correctly and then courier them to us for evaluation.

How to test drinking water in 5 easy steps

Our water analysis, in-field sampling and laboratory testing services can be performed on a one-off or contract basis to suit your specific needs.

Please contact us to discuss your water quality analysis requirements in more detail… contact us →

Working to assist customers in all areas

Regardless of the reason why you need your water testing, it is reassuring to know Water Treatment Services has extensive experience across most sectors. For example we can provide water tests for cooling towers and closed circuit systems. We can also test water in swimming pools, spas, boreholes and even private water supplies.

We can also provide professional advice and support for any customers who believe they may need to test the quality of their water, but are unsure of which tests are required to best meet their needs.

Expert water testing and laboratory analysis support

Contact WTS today to find out more about our professional water testing laboratory and in-field water sampling solutions and how they can help improve your validation and regulatory compliance processes.

As a leading provider of water tests, sampling and laboratory water quality analysis procedures we can ensure you get the best possible services whenever you need them. Whether you need to test the water from a borehole, in a swimming pool or a cooling tower, you can rest assured you will receive exactly what you need with our professional solutions.

With offices in London serving the South and South East England, Manchester (North West), Birmingham (Midlands), Bristol (South East England and Wales), Leeds (North and North East) and Glasgow (Scotland), supported by teams of specially trained engineers, in-field site service specialists and technical experts we can offer professional, cost effective water quality testing and environmental support solutions across the UK and Ireland.

Contact us now for more information or for your FREE, no obligation quote.

Contact Us Today

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More information on the testing of water samples and laboratory water analysis contact the experta at Water Treatment Services … here →

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Pages

Potable water testing on ships

Potable Water Quality Testing on Ships & Marine Vessels

A regular programme of potable water testing on-board ships and other marine vessels is an essential management process required to maintain safe drinking water supplies for crew members, passengers and others. In this expert guide the water safety experts at Water Treatment Services consider the health risks that need to be considered by ship owners and officers and how these can be properly managed. We review the main regulations and international guidance on fresh water quality, and conclude with a summary of recommendations for the testing of drinking water quality in marine environments.

Read more →

BREEAM indoor air quality plan

What is a BREEAM Indoor Air Quality Plan?

Developing a good indoor air quality plan that follows the BREEAM environmental assessment and rating system can help businesses manage their construction and refurbishment planning processes to ensure they create better, healthier workspaces for their staff and others through the careful selection and use of suitable building materials, appropriate heating and ventilation, and other equipment.

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Blue-green algae testing

Testing for Blue-Green Algae in Lakes, Ponds & Recreational Waters

The ability to recognise blue-green algae and quickly confirm its presence using specialist algae testing can help owners, operators and managers of lakes, reservoirs and other watercourses, including recreational water sites, manage the potential health risks to people, pets and other animals. In this expert guide we consider what this algae is and how to recognise it, the risks to people and animals, how these risks can be managed, and the benefits of blue-green algae testing. We conclude by reviewing the recommended trigger levels from the World Health Organization, what these mean for the safe management of watercourses, and how best to treat unwanted algal blooms.

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Swimming pool water testing

Swimming Pool Water Testing

Water Testing for Swimming Pools, Spas & Hot Tubs

Swimming pool water testing

Specialist testing and analysis for pools, spas and hot tubs.

Water Treatment Services is a leading water and environmental engineering specialist offering a range of laboratory based microbiological analysis and swimming pool water testing solutions (including tests for spas, hot tubs and hydrotherapy pools) to businesses and private individuals throughout the UK and Ireland.

Our specialist laboratory procedures include tests for a range of common pathogens found in pool waters including E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Total coliforms, TVC/Aerobic colony counts, Legionella bacteria and other less common organisms that can contaminate pools.

If you’re one of the many UK businesses or private households who own or operate a pool, hot tub or spa, then you’ll already know that maintaining the quality of the water in your pool is something which can’t be ignored.

Specialist pool water analysis and testing

Our specialist laboratory water analysis solutions for pools, spas and hot tubs include:

  • Laboratory Water Testing & Analysis

    Specialist laboratory analysis of water from swimming pools, spas, hot tubs and hydrotherapy pools. Test for an extensive range of chemical and microbiological parameters.

  • Microbiological Water Analysis

    Laboratory analysis for a range of microbial parameters including E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Total coliforms, TVC/Aerobic colony count, Legionella bacteria and other waterborne pathogens that can contaminate pool waters.

  • Chemical Analysis

    Testing for specified chemical parameters in water.

  • In-field Sampling.

    Expert in-field water sampling.

Full national UK coverage

With offices in London serving the South and South East England, Manchester (North West), Birmingham (Midlands), Bristol (South East England and Wales), Leeds (North and North East) and Glasgow (Scotland), supported by regional teams of trained engineers and technicians we can offer professional, cost effective pool water testing, in-field sampling and laboratory microbiological analysis services across the UK and Ireland.

Contact Water Treatment Services today to learn how our professional water quality analysis, testing and sampling solutions can help maintain pool water quality, safety standards and regulatory compliance processes. To speak with one of our experts call us on 0330 223 31 31 or simply use this button.

Contact Us Today

Why test swimming pool water?

Unlike other water systems found in homes and commercial premises where the water is flushed or drained away after each use, swimming pools, hot tubs and spas could be considered as a re-circulating water system where the water is retained and re-used many times over. If you’re not testing the chemical and microbial water quality regularly, taking steps to maintain balance and keep it clean, issues such as pH and water clarity can change, and more worryingly bacteria can start to grow rapidly.

What bacteria can contaminate a pool, spa or hot tub?

Bacteria such as E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Legionella thrive in warm, poorly or untreated water and have the potential to make people using the pool or spa very ill. Don’t assume that water which appears crystal clear is clean and safe to use – the types of bacteria which can grow in water are invisible to the naked eye.

UK laws dealing with water quality testing in pools and spas

UK health and safety laws dealing with swimming pool and spa water quality, testing and treatment really only come into play if you’re running a business such as a leisure centre, gym or hotel, or the pool is in a holiday property which is let to paying guests.

Owners and operators of pools and spas need to ensure sure that the water quality and treatment programmes are effective and meet current standards. Although the law might not apply to domestic pools and spas, they provide excellent guidelines and standards which it makes sense to read, understand and comply with.

For more information both the Health and Safety Executive and the Pool Water Treatment Advisory Group (PWTAG) provide excellent guidance to help pool operators comply with health and safety law.

Microbial water testing

It is very important that regular microbial analysis is carried out to ensure the effectiveness of the water treatment programme is maintained and the pool is safe to use. Specialist microbial analysis is carried out in the laboratory, not in-field.

Swimming pool analysis

Swimming pools operated as part of a business should be tested on a monthly basis. Microbial testing of privately operated pools is at the owner’s discretion, however we recommend the same testing frequency.

Our swimming pool microbial laboratory testing suite includes for the following:

  • E. coli

  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa

  • Total coliforms

  • TVC/Aerobic colony count at 37C

Frequency – These tests should be carried out on a monthly basis.

Hot tubs and spa pool testing

Hot tubs and spa pools typically contain lower volumes of water and operate at higher temperatures than swimming pools. These factors can increase the potential for bacterial growth in the water, including the risks from Legionella bacteria and other waterborne pathogens.

Our hot tub and spa pool microbial testing suite includes for the following:

  • E. coli

  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa

  • Total coliforms

  • TVC/Aerobic colony count at 37C

  • Legionella bacteria

Frequency – These tests should be carried out on a monthly basis, or when the spa is first used or recommissioned, after a report of ill-health, if there are problems of contamination, or if there have been alterations in the treatment/maintenance programmes.

If there are reports of ill-health from bathers further testing may also be required for other organisms including Staphylococcus aureus, Cryptosporidium, Giardia and possibly viruses.

Monitoring pool balance and pH

In addition to routine microbial analysis of pool waters regular chemical testing should also be carried out. One of the most important chemical parameters you’ll need to keep under control in your swimming pool or spa is the pH of the water, often referred to as the “balance”. This is a way of determining how acidic or alkaline the water is.

Adding pool chemicals to the water can often change the pH levels and may prevent other chemicals from working as well as intended. pH is measured on a scale of 0 to 14. 0 is an extremely strong acid, 14 is strongly alkaline, and at the mid-point, 7, the water is neutral.

Experts agree that the ideal pH range for water in swimming pools or hot tubs is between 7.2 and 7.6. This is a range which is comfortable for skin and eyes, allows chlorine added to the water to work properly, and within this range water scale problems are unlikely.

If the water pH starts to fall too low into the “acidic” range, you may find that the water becomes irritating to skin or eyes, pool equipment including heater elements start to corrode. You may also start to notice a build-up of minerals around the edges of the pool itself.

On the other hand, if the water becomes too alkaline, you might notice skin irritation, but also water clarity reduces and scale starts to form on the sides of the spa or pool.

In the UK, mains water from the tap will have different pH levels depending on where you are in the country, how your water is treated and local geology – what type of rocks the water flows through on its way to your local reservoir. It’s therefore impossible to set-out a standard water treatment regime which works for everyone, as the water in tubs will tend to be different from the start.

Monitoring chlorine levels in your swimming pool

Measuring levels of chlorine or your biocide of choice in pool water is also important. Chlorine is currently the most popular biocide for the control of bacteria in pools but needs to be maintained at optimum levels – enough to kill any bacteria in the water, but not too much to cause health issues for bathers or accelerated corrosion of the equipment and other components used in the pool or spa.

Testing chemical parameters

There are various ways of testing the essential chemical parameters in your pool water including pH and chlorine (usually free or total chlorine).

  • pH testing

    Litmus paper test strips will measure pool water pH and are cost-effective, quick and simple to use. They work by turning a different colour depending on the pH of the water so you can easily read the result off a chart.

    Tablets are also available to measure pH, they work by dissolving in water and will change colour to indicate the result – they are also easy to use and inexpensive.

  • Chlorine testing

    Various DPD tablets (DPD1, 2, 3 and 4) are available and will measure chlorine levels – usually free and total chlorine. They are used with a comparator or a photometer to ensure the correct levels of chlorine are present in the pool water.

Electronic meters are also available that will measure pH and chlorine levels. These are simple to use but more costly than test strips and tablet methods.

Please remember that there is no “best” way of testing the chemical parameters of your water; the key is to understand why you should be testing, how to do it correctly, and to do it regularly.

Expert swimming pool water testing and microbiological analysis

Contact Water Treatment Services today to find out more about our laboratory water analysis services including microbiological testing of pool, spa, hot tub and hydrotherapy pool waters.

With offices in London serving the South and South East England, Manchester (North West), Birmingham (Midlands), Bristol (South East England and Wales), Leeds (North and North East) and Glasgow (Scotland), supported by regional teams of specially trained technicians and consultants we can offer professional, cost effective microbiological water analysis solutions across the whole of the UK and Ireland.

Contact us today for more information or for your FREE, no obligation quote.

Contact Us Today

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Potable water testing on ships

Potable Water Quality Testing on Ships & Marine Vessels

A regular programme of potable water testing on-board ships and other marine vessels is an essential management process required to maintain safe drinking water supplies for crew members, passengers and others. In this expert guide the water safety experts at Water Treatment Services consider the health risks that need to be considered by ship owners and officers and how these can be properly managed. We review the main regulations and international guidance on fresh water quality, and conclude with a summary of recommendations for the testing of drinking water quality in marine environments.

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Testing for Blue-Green Algae in Lakes, Ponds & Recreational Waters

The ability to recognise blue-green algae and quickly confirm its presence using specialist algae testing can help owners, operators and managers of lakes, reservoirs and other watercourses, including recreational water sites, manage the potential health risks to people, pets and other animals. In this expert guide we consider what this algae is and how to recognise it, the risks to people and animals, how these risks can be managed, and the benefits of blue-green algae testing. We conclude by reviewing the recommended trigger levels from the World Health Organization, what these mean for the safe management of watercourses, and how best to treat unwanted algal blooms.

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Swimming pool water testing

Swimming Pool Water Testing

Water Testing for Swimming Pools, Spas & Hot Tubs

Swimming pool water testing

Specialist testing and analysis for pools, spas and hot tubs.

Water Treatment Services is a leading water and environmental engineering specialist offering a range of laboratory based microbiological analysis and swimming pool water testing solutions (including tests for spas, hot tubs and hydrotherapy pools) to businesses and private individuals throughout the UK and Ireland.

Our specialist laboratory procedures include tests for a range of common pathogens found in pool waters including E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Total coliforms, TVC/Aerobic colony counts, Legionella bacteria and other less common organisms that can contaminate pools.

If you’re one of the many UK businesses or private households who own or operate a pool, hot tub or spa, then you’ll already know that maintaining the quality of the water in your pool is something which can’t be ignored.

Specialist pool water analysis and testing

Our specialist laboratory water analysis solutions for pools, spas and hot tubs include:

  • Laboratory Water Testing & Analysis

    Specialist laboratory analysis of water from swimming pools, spas, hot tubs and hydrotherapy pools. Test for an extensive range of chemical and microbiological parameters.

  • Microbiological Water Analysis

    Laboratory analysis for a range of microbial parameters including E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Total coliforms, TVC/Aerobic colony count, Legionella bacteria and other waterborne pathogens that can contaminate pool waters.

  • Chemical Analysis

    Testing for specified chemical parameters in water.

  • In-field Sampling.

    Expert in-field water sampling.

Full national UK coverage

With offices in London serving the South and South East England, Manchester (North West), Birmingham (Midlands), Bristol (South East England and Wales), Leeds (North and North East) and Glasgow (Scotland), supported by regional teams of trained engineers and technicians we can offer professional, cost effective pool water testing, in-field sampling and laboratory microbiological analysis services across the UK and Ireland.

Contact Water Treatment Services today to learn how our professional water quality analysis, testing and sampling solutions can help maintain pool water quality, safety standards and regulatory compliance processes. To speak with one of our experts call us on 0330 223 31 31 or simply use this button.

Contact Us Today

Why test swimming pool water?

Unlike other water systems found in homes and commercial premises where the water is flushed or drained away after each use, swimming pools, hot tubs and spas could be considered as a re-circulating water system where the water is retained and re-used many times over. If you’re not testing the chemical and microbial water quality regularly, taking steps to maintain balance and keep it clean, issues such as pH and water clarity can change, and more worryingly bacteria can start to grow rapidly.

What bacteria can contaminate a pool, spa or hot tub?

Bacteria such as E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Legionella thrive in warm, poorly or untreated water and have the potential to make people using the pool or spa very ill. Don’t assume that water which appears crystal clear is clean and safe to use – the types of bacteria which can grow in water are invisible to the naked eye.

UK laws dealing with water quality testing in pools and spas

UK health and safety laws dealing with swimming pool and spa water quality, testing and treatment really only come into play if you’re running a business such as a leisure centre, gym or hotel, or the pool is in a holiday property which is let to paying guests.

Owners and operators of pools and spas need to ensure sure that the water quality and treatment programmes are effective and meet current standards. Although the law might not apply to domestic pools and spas, they provide excellent guidelines and standards which it makes sense to read, understand and comply with.

For more information both the Health and Safety Executive and the Pool Water Treatment Advisory Group (PWTAG) provide excellent guidance to help pool operators comply with health and safety law.

Microbial water testing

It is very important that regular microbial analysis is carried out to ensure the effectiveness of the water treatment programme is maintained and the pool is safe to use. Specialist microbial analysis is carried out in the laboratory, not in-field.

Swimming pool analysis

Swimming pools operated as part of a business should be tested on a monthly basis. Microbial testing of privately operated pools is at the owner’s discretion, however we recommend the same testing frequency.

Our swimming pool microbial laboratory testing suite includes for the following:

  • E. coli

  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa

  • Total coliforms

  • TVC/Aerobic colony count at 37C

Frequency – These tests should be carried out on a monthly basis.

Hot tubs and spa pool testing

Hot tubs and spa pools typically contain lower volumes of water and operate at higher temperatures than swimming pools. These factors can increase the potential for bacterial growth in the water, including the risks from Legionella bacteria and other waterborne pathogens.

Our hot tub and spa pool microbial testing suite includes for the following:

  • E. coli

  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa

  • Total coliforms

  • TVC/Aerobic colony count at 37C

  • Legionella bacteria

Frequency – These tests should be carried out on a monthly basis, or when the spa is first used or recommissioned, after a report of ill-health, if there are problems of contamination, or if there have been alterations in the treatment/maintenance programmes.

If there are reports of ill-health from bathers further testing may also be required for other organisms including Staphylococcus aureus, Cryptosporidium, Giardia and possibly viruses.

Monitoring pool balance and pH

In addition to routine microbial analysis of pool waters regular chemical testing should also be carried out. One of the most important chemical parameters you’ll need to keep under control in your swimming pool or spa is the pH of the water, often referred to as the “balance”. This is a way of determining how acidic or alkaline the water is.

Adding pool chemicals to the water can often change the pH levels and may prevent other chemicals from working as well as intended. pH is measured on a scale of 0 to 14. 0 is an extremely strong acid, 14 is strongly alkaline, and at the mid-point, 7, the water is neutral.

Experts agree that the ideal pH range for water in swimming pools or hot tubs is between 7.2 and 7.6. This is a range which is comfortable for skin and eyes, allows chlorine added to the water to work properly, and within this range water scale problems are unlikely.

If the water pH starts to fall too low into the “acidic” range, you may find that the water becomes irritating to skin or eyes, pool equipment including heater elements start to corrode. You may also start to notice a build-up of minerals around the edges of the pool itself.

On the other hand, if the water becomes too alkaline, you might notice skin irritation, but also water clarity reduces and scale starts to form on the sides of the spa or pool.

In the UK, mains water from the tap will have different pH levels depending on where you are in the country, how your water is treated and local geology – what type of rocks the water flows through on its way to your local reservoir. It’s therefore impossible to set-out a standard water treatment regime which works for everyone, as the water in tubs will tend to be different from the start.

Monitoring chlorine levels in your swimming pool

Measuring levels of chlorine or your biocide of choice in pool water is also important. Chlorine is currently the most popular biocide for the control of bacteria in pools but needs to be maintained at optimum levels – enough to kill any bacteria in the water, but not too much to cause health issues for bathers or accelerated corrosion of the equipment and other components used in the pool or spa.

Testing chemical parameters

There are various ways of testing the essential chemical parameters in your pool water including pH and chlorine (usually free or total chlorine).

  • pH testing

    Litmus paper test strips will measure pool water pH and are cost-effective, quick and simple to use. They work by turning a different colour depending on the pH of the water so you can easily read the result off a chart.

    Tablets are also available to measure pH, they work by dissolving in water and will change colour to indicate the result – they are also easy to use and inexpensive.

  • Chlorine testing

    Various DPD tablets (DPD1, 2, 3 and 4) are available and will measure chlorine levels – usually free and total chlorine. They are used with a comparator or a photometer to ensure the correct levels of chlorine are present in the pool water.

Electronic meters are also available that will measure pH and chlorine levels. These are simple to use but more costly than test strips and tablet methods.

Please remember that there is no “best” way of testing the chemical parameters of your water; the key is to understand why you should be testing, how to do it correctly, and to do it regularly.

Expert swimming pool water testing and microbiological analysis

Contact Water Treatment Services today to find out more about our laboratory water analysis services including microbiological testing of pool, spa, hot tub and hydrotherapy pool waters.

With offices in London serving the South and South East England, Manchester (North West), Birmingham (Midlands), Bristol (South East England and Wales), Leeds (North and North East) and Glasgow (Scotland), supported by regional teams of specially trained technicians and consultants we can offer professional, cost effective microbiological water analysis solutions across the whole of the UK and Ireland.

Contact us today for more information or for your FREE, no obligation quote.

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Drinking water testing

Drinking Water Testing

Drinking Water Testing & Analysis

Drinking water testing

Specialist drinking water testing and analysis

Water Treatment Services is a leading water, air and environmental specialist offering expert laboratory services including drinking water testing and analysis of both mains fed (tap water) and private water supplies to organisations and private individuals throughout the UK and Ireland.

Our potable water analysis procedures incorporate tests for metals and heavy metals, chemical and microbiological analysis, and in-field sampling services.

Why test drinking water?

When was the last time that you had the quality of your tap water tested? Here in the UK, our water utility companies have to conform to strict water quality standards set by the Government, and enforced by the regulator, the Drinking Water Inspectorate (DWI). These standards ensure that the water flowing through the mains distribution system is up to scratch at all times. However, once the water leaves the mains supply and enters a private residence or commercial building, the pipes, storage tanks, local distribution systems and other factors can start to affect the quality of the water. There are also properties, mostly in remote locations, which depend on other types of private water supplies such as springs, boreholes, rivers, lakes or wells and people using these types of supplies may need to carry out their own drinking water testing too.

Specialist drinking water testing & analysis

Our specialist laboratory based drinking water tests and water quality analysis solutions include:

  • Laboratory Water Testing & Analysis

    Specialist laboratory analysis of drinking water for metals, chemicals and microbiological parameters.

  • Mains Fed Tap Water Analysis

    Specialist suite of tests covering metal and chemical parameters specifically for mains fed water systems.

  • Private Water Supply Testing

    Specialist suite of tests covering metal and chemical parameters specifically for private water supplies, wells and borehole fed water systems.

  • Microbiological Water Analysis

    Specialist analysis for a range of microbial parameters including coliforms, E. coli, total viable count (TVC), enterococci, sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB), legionella and pseudomonas.

  • Monitoring & Validation

    Latest laboratory and in-field water analysis equipment to monitor and validate water treatment programme performance against regulatory standards.

  • In-field Sampling.

    Expert in-field water sampling.

Full national UK coverage

With offices in London serving the South and South East England, Manchester (North West), Birmingham (Midlands), Bristol (South East England and Wales), Leeds (North and North East) and Glasgow (Scotland), supported by regional teams of specially trained engineers, water treatment specialists and technicians we can offer professional, cost effective drinking water testing, in-field water sampling and laboratory analysis services across the UK and Ireland.

Contact WTS today to learn how our water quality analysis solutions can help identify contamination issues. To speak with one of our water testing experts call us on 0330 223 31 31 or simply use this button.

Contact Us Today

What can contaminate tap water?

If you are supplied by a water utility company and are concerned about what might be getting into your water between it leaving the public mains and coming out of the taps in your property, then a good place to start is by looking at how you treat your water, the type of water distribution systems you have in your building, the materials that have been used (lead, copper, plastic etc.) to construct the system, especially the pipes carrying the water and any water storage tanks.

Older domestic and commercial properties which have not been renovated since 1970 might have lead pipes either in the kitchen, bathrooms, or elsewhere in the property on the route the water takes to the tap.

Lead was a common material used for pipes and plumbing installations pre-1970 and can cause serious health issues, especially in children and pregnant women. If water testing identifies that lead is contaminating your water and is present at higher than the prescribed limits, you should take prompt action to replace the pipes. Other common drinking water contaminants are corrosion by-products, most often caused by copper corrosion or cast iron pipes rusting and leaching iron particles into the water supply. If this is happening, the water way contain increased levels of iron, copper or even manganese which can all lead to discolouration of the water and unsightly surface staining of baths, sinks, WC’s, pools and spas.

There are several microbiological contaminants that can also affect water quality including Legionella bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These bacterium will typically colonise a buildings local water distribution system and, under the right circumstances can cause serious health issues.

Testing private water supplies

If your water comes from a private water supply such as a well, spring, borehole or river, it is unlikely to have been through the intensive water treatment processing stages used by the water utility companies to filter and disinfect our mains drinking water. In the worse case scenario, this could mean that there are bacteria, viruses and a range of other chemical or metal contaminants in your water.

One of the main concerns when extracting from a private water supply is contamination with faecal matter, especially in rural and agricultural areas where the presence of animals and cattle may pollute local water courses. This can lead to dangerous contamination of the water by organisms such as E. coli and Salmonella. Other issues in such areas include contamination from elevated levels of nitrates, nitrites, sulphates and sulphides which can be caused by the intensive use of commercial fertilisers or sewage contamination.

Regular drinking water testing will help to make sure that the steps you are taking to treat your water are having the desired effect and that any unwanted contaminants are maintained within the safe limits set out by the government. If you are living or working in a property with a private water supply, testing the supply might be something you do on a regular basis.

  • More on the Water Supply Regulations

Drinking water testing

If you are testing drinking water for just one contaminant, such as lead or bacteria, then you might choose to use simple test strips or dip slides which you can dip in to the water to get your result. These are a quick and cost-effective way of testing your water but with one obvious drawback – you might get an answer about one type of contaminant but be completely unaware of other serious issues with your water. We recommend it’s better and safer to have your tap water tested by the experts at WTS, who can run a series of specialist drinking water tests in the laboratory to identify a range of specific microbiological, metal and chemical contaminants in your water, and determine at which levels they are present. These results would then be compared to the standards set out in the governments Water Supply Regulations, and a report produced. The report will flag up those contaminants which are of particular concern, allowing you to target your efforts to reduce risk.

Standard compliance suite of tests for potable (drinking) water

Our standard compliance suite of tests for potable (drinking) water is highly recommended and provides an excellent indication of overall water quality for general potable applications. This compliance suite includes for the following tests:

  • General colony microbial counts after 2 and 3 days
  • Clostridium perfringens (confirmed)
  • Total coliforms
  • E.coli
  • Conductivity
  • pH
  • Turbidity
  • Ammonium
  • Nitrite
  • Nitrate
  • Odour
  • Taste
  • Aluminium
  • Iron
  • Manganese
  • Colour

Mains fed water testing & analysis (chemical & metal)

Our standard suite of chemical and metal parameter tests for mains fed water supplies would typically include:

  • Chloride
  • Conductivity
  • Copper
  • Hardness
  • Iron
  • Lead
  • Alkalinity
  • Manganese
  • pH
  • Phosphate
  • TDS

Testing private water supplies & borehole water analysis (chemical & metal)

Our standard suite of chemical and metal parameter tests for private water supplies, wells, boreholes, lakes and rivers would typically include:

  • Chloride
  • Conductivity
  • Copper
  • Hardness
  • Iron
  • Lead
  • Alkalinity
  • Manganese
  • Nitrate
  • Nitrite
  • pH
  • Phosphate
  • Sulphate
  • Sulphide
  • TDS

Drinking water treatment techniques

Once you have your detailed drinking water analysis report giving information about the quality of your drinking water and any issues which have been found, you can then make plans for improving the quality of your water… or where this is not possible, to look for an alternative supply.

The approach and water treatment techniques selected will depend very much on the types of contaminants which have been identified. For example, if high levels of bacteria have been found in the water, the advice might be to use UV light to kill off the bugs, or add a suitable, DWI approved disinfectant to the water supply to kill them that way.

If the issue is corrosion in the pipes causing the water to become discoloured, then replacing the pipes might be the only option. If other types of contaminants are found, you might be able to filter them out by adding a filtration system either at the point where the water supply enters the property, or directly adjacent to the taps used for drinking water.

However, it’s important to remember that there is no point making any of these changes before you know whether or not you have a problem with water quality, and that can only be determined by specialist drinking water testing.

On-going water quality testing & analysis

Once you have invested in the correct improvements to your water supply, it’s then essential to have the water retested in exactly the same way so that you get an accurate comparison of the water quality before and after. It may also be well worthwhile implementing a regular programme of water testing to ensure water quality is maintained consistently.

Specialist drinking water testing for metals, chemicals & microbial contaminants

Contact WTS today to find out more about our laboratory water analysis services including drinking water testing for mains fed and private water supplies, and in-field sampling services.

With offices in London serving the South and South East England, Manchester (North West), Birmingham (Midlands), Bristol (South East England and Wales), Leeds (North and North East) and Glasgow (Scotland), supported by regional teams of specially trained technicians, in-field specialists and consultants we can offer cost effective environmental support solutions across the whole of the UK and Ireland.

Contact us today for more information or for your FREE, no obligation quote.

Contact Us Today

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Further reading…

More information about drinking water quality in the UK … here →

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Testing water for metals

Metals Testing

Testing Water for Metals & Heavy Metals

Testing water for metals

Specialist metal and heavy metals analysis

WTS is a leading UK water, air and environmental services company offering a full range of environmental solutions to organisations throughout the UK and Ireland. Our expert laboratory analysis services include testing water for metals (and heavy metals), wastewater and trade effluent testing, chemical and microbiological analysis and in-field sampling services.

Why test water for metals?

There are a number of reasons why you may want to test water for metals, including some of the more common heavy metals such as lead, mercury and arsenic. You may extract your water from a private supply and be concerned about contamination of your drinking water, or you may be a business looking to satisfy trade effluent discharge standards for your wastewater. Whatever your reasons WTS has the expertise to help you.

Specialist water analysis & in-field sampling

Our specialist laboratory based water analysis and in-field sampling solutions include:

  • Laboratory Water Testing & Analysis

    Expert analysis of water, waste water and industrial effluents for metals, chemicals and microbiological parameters.

  • Physical Parameters

    Testing for specified physical parameters in water.

  • Monitoring & Validation

    Latest laboratory and in-field water analysis equipment to monitor and validate water treatment programme performance and satisfy discharge consent standards.

  • In-field Sampling.

    Expert in-field water sampling.

Full national UK coverage

With offices in London serving the South and South East England, Manchester (North West), Birmingham (Midlands), Bristol (South East England and Wales), Leeds (North and North East) and Glasgow (Scotland), supported by regional teams of specially trained engineers, water treatment service specialists and technical experts we can offer professional, cost effective water testing, in-field water sampling and laboratory analysis services across the UK and Ireland.

Contact WTS today to learn how our professional water quality analysis, in-field testing and sampling solutions can help improve your water quality, water treatment validation and regulatory compliance processes. To speak with one of our water testing experts call us on 0330 223 31 31 or simply use this button.

Contact Us Today

Understanding water quality

Here in the UK we’re lucky to have a safe and reliable supply of clean drinking water, literally on-tap. Most homes and commercial buildings in the UK get their mains water supplied directly by one of the big water companies, who have a responsibility to check the quality of the water being supplied, and testing it to ensure it falls within strict legal limits set by the regulators.

Water supplied for drinking (often called potable water) in the UK has to be constantly monitored, and there is an independent regulatory body called the Drinking Water Inspectorate (DWI) which monitors this. DWI inspectors regularly enter consumer properties to take water samples for independent analysis.

The quality of our drinking water is not something most of us need to worry about unless something goes wrong. However, if you’re buying or leasing a property for residential or commercial purposes which takes its water from a private water supply such as a well, borehole, spring or other water source, then it’s up to you to ensure your water meets the standards set in the Water Supply Regulations 2016. Confirming this may involve testing water for metals, chemicals, microbiological parameters and other common contaminants.

What metals are found in water?

In general, heavy metals contaminating our water supplies are less of a problem than they were in the past. With improved environmental awareness we’ve cleaned up our collective act when it comes to waste and wastewater disposal. Changing patterns of work have also meant that we just don’t have the heavy industrial processes that previously used iron, steel, lead, mercury, arsenic and other metals. However, that doesn’t mean there is now no longer any metal contamination of our water supplies. It’s therefore important that where you suspect there may be a metal contamination issue that you test your water to make sure concentrations’ do not exceed the safe limits set by the Government.

Some of the main metals and other elements you might find in water, and which could potentially cause health problems if present at high enough concentrations include:

  • Lead

    Although lead has been banned for use in water pipes and water storage tanks since the 1970s, many older properties which have not been renovated for years might still have lead pipes.

    Too much lead in drinking water can have serious consequences; lead poisoning can cause a range of health problems including headaches, high blood pressure, memory loss, abdominal pain, kidney failure, miscarriage or premature birth.

  • Mercury

    Mercury occurs naturally in the environment and can combine with other elements in the earth to form a variety of compounds.

    Unlike lead poisoning where the effects build up over time, short term exposure to high levels of mercury in drinking water can cause serious health issues including headaches, insomnia, kidney problems, as well as having an effect on hearing, vision and memor

  • Arsenic

    It’s not news that arsenic is poisonous, and this metallic element is found at differing levels throughout the UK. Long-term exposure to arsenic in drinking water is linked to a higher risk of developing several types of cancer as well as heart disease.

  • Aluminium

    Scientific research is still ongoing into the possible negative effects of aluminium in drinking water, with many press reports making a link with increased levels of dementia.

  • Iron

    Most iron contamination in our drinking water comes from old plumbing installations where old iron pipes and water tanks corrode, and leach iron into the water. High levels of iron in water are generally easy to spot as the water becomes discoloured.

  • Calcium

    If you live in a hard water area then there will be higher levels of calcium and magnesium salts dissolved in your water… when compared to soft water areas. There are no reported health issues associated with drinking hard water, but it can cause limescale damage to boilers, kettles, washing machines and other appliances that use untreated hard water.

Drinking water metal analysis

The UK’s 2016 Water Supply Regulations set out maximum allowable limits for metals and heavy metals in drinking water. If your water is supplied from a water utility company then they are obliged to meet these standards. However, if you extract from a private water supply such as a well, borehole, spring or other water source, then it’s up to you to ensure you meet these standards. The following limits on the maximum concentration levels of metals in drinking water are taken from the Water Supply Regulations 2016.

Maximum Concentration of Metals in Drinking Water - Water Supply Regulations
MetalMaximum concentration
in drinking water
Point of compliance
Aluminium (Al)200 µg/lConsumers’ taps
Antimony (Sb)5.0 µg/lConsumers’ taps
Arsenic (As)10 µg/lConsumers’ taps
Boron (B)1.0 mg/lConsumers’ taps
Cadmium (Cd)5.0 µg/lConsumers’ taps
Chromium (Cr)50 µg/lConsumers’ taps
Copper (Cu)2.0 µg/lConsumers’ taps
Iron (Fe)200 µg/lConsumers’ taps
Lead (Pb)10 µg/lConsumers’ taps
Manganese (Mn)50 µg/lConsumers’ taps
Mercury (Hg)1.0 µg/lConsumers’ taps
Nickel (Ni)20 µg/lConsumers’ taps
Selenium (Se)10 µg/lConsumers’ taps
Sodium (Na)200 µg/lConsumers’ taps

Trade effluent & waste water metals analysis

If you intend to discharge trade effluent or industrial waste water in to a public sewer or watercourse such as a stream, river, lake or the sea then you will need to obtain specific consent from your local sewerage undertaker. Your consent to discharge is likely to include strict limits on the quality of the effluent including its metal content. WTS can analyse your waste water and effluent streams for a range of common metals including the following:

  • Antimony
  • Arsenic
  • Barium
  • Cadmium
  • Chromium
  • Copper
  • Lead
  • Mercury
  • Molybdenum
  • Selenium
  • Zinc
  • Other metals

Making sure drinking water is safe

There are a number of steps you can take to make sure that your drinking water is safe, especially when you’re relying on water from a private supply or natural source rather than taking it from one of the big water utilities.

The approach selected in treating your water before drinking will very much depend on what type of contamination problems exist or are suspected. Testing water for metals, chemicals, microbiological and other contaminants is therefore important. The main methods used to treat water to make it suitable for drinking are:

  • Filtration

    Filtration is a very common technique and involves water flowing through a series of filters which are designed to remove particles of various sizes that contaminate the water. This process could be as simple as a jug filter with removable cartridge for use in a home kitchen, or a complex series of filters used to treat wastewater or industrial effluent that uses several different elements at various stages of the filtration process.

  • UV Treatment

    Ultra-violet or UV treatment is a commonly used technique to deal with microbiological contamination. Although this process won’t do anything to remove metals in your water, it’s a common way of dealing with bacteria that can contaminate drinking water supplies. The advantage of this technique is that it offers a chemical-free way of treating drinking water.

  • Chlorination

    Chlorination is a very common water treatment technique and has been used successfully for many years. Chlorine is the primary chemical added to municipal water supplies to kill off bugs and bacteria in drinking water to make it safer to drink. While treatment with chlorine is a cheap and simple way of dealing with microbiological contamination, it won’t deal with any metals in water.

Experts at testing water for metals & other contaminants

Contact WTS today to find out more about our laboratory water analysis services including testing water for metals, waste water and trade effluent analysis, chemical and microbiological testing and in-field sampling services.

With offices in London serving the South and South East England, Manchester (North West), Birmingham (Midlands), Bristol (South East England and Wales), Leeds (North and North East) and Glasgow (Scotland), supported by regional teams of specially trained technicians, in-field specialists and consultants we can offer professional, cost effective environmental support solutions across the whole of the UK and Ireland.

Contact us today for more information or for your FREE, no obligation quote.

Contact Us Today

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Water testing laboratory analysis and water sampling

Laboratory Water Testing

Water Testing & Expert Laboratory Analysis

Water testing and laboratory analysis

Professional laboratory water quality analysis services.

WTS is a leading independent UK water and environmental services company offering a comprehensive range of expert water testing laboratory analysis and in-field water sampling services to organisations and private individuals throughout the UK and Ireland.

Our laboratory water quality analysis and in-field sampling services have been developed to accurately identify the presence (or absence) of specified parameters within water samples.

This type of lab analysis helps to improve water quality testing procedures, water treatment and environmental hygiene programme validation and regulatory compliance processes.

Expert water testing and laboratory analysis services

Our specialist laboratory based water analysis and in-field water sampling solutions include:

  • Laboratory Water Testing & Analysis

    Expert microbiological analysis of water for Legionella, Pseudomonas, Coliforms, E.coli, Total Viable Counts (TVCs) and other parameters.

  • chemical parameters

    Laboratory testing for chemical parameters in water.

  • physical parameters

    Testing for specified physical parameters in water.

  • Monitoring & Validation

    Latest in-field water analysis equipment to monitor and validate water treatment programme performance.

  • In-field sampling.

    Expert in-field water sampling.

Full national UK cover

With offices in London serving the South and South East England, Manchester (North West), Birmingham (Midlands), Bristol (South East England and Wales), Leeds (North and North East) and Glasgow (Scotland), supported by regional teams of specially trained engineers, water treatment service specialists and technical experts we can offer professional, cost effective water testing, in-field water sampling and laboratory analysis services across the UK and Ireland.

Contact Water Treatment Services today to learn how our professional water quality analysis, in-field testing and sampling solutions can help improve your water quality, water treatment validation and regulatory compliance processes. To speak with one of our water testing experts call us on 0330 223 31 31 or simply use the button below to get our full contact details or submit our contact form.

Contact Us Today

Accurate water testing whenever required

Water quality assessment, evaluation and the expert interpretation of laboratory test results is incredibly important, which makes fast and accurate testing essential in so many different circumstances.

Our teams of highly trained technicians are experienced in obtaining and handling water samples so as to maintain a high standard throughout the sampling and collection process. Our water testing facilities are set up specifically to handle expert testing whenever required by our clients.

Our laboratory testing services include the analysis of potable water (drinking water), swimming pool and spa waters, hydrotherapy pools, natural recreational waters, domestic hot and cold water installations; water used in cooling systems, cooling towers, industrial and manufacturing processes, and other commercial and healthcare settings.

Testing for waterborne pathogens & chemicals

Our professional water quality analysis and in-field water sampling services cover a wide range of tests that include microbiological, chemical and physical parameters:

Microbiological testing of water

  • Legionella bacteria
  • Coliforms
  • E.coli
  • Total Viable Counts (TVCs)
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Pseudomonas species
  • Enterococci
  • Staphylococcus aureus

Chemical parameters in water

  • Scale
  • Corrosion
  • pH
  • Dissolved oxygen
  • Hardness, alkalinity
  • Redox potential
  • Chlorine
  • Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
  • Metals
  • Heavy metals
  • Non metals

Physical parameters in water

  • Effluent analysis
  • COD
  • Suspended solids
  • Conductivity
  • Resistivity
  • Silt Density Index (SDI)
  • Sludge Density

On completion of all our laboratory analysis procedures a full report is issued and our experts are be on-hand to explain the results and what these mean for you, your water systems and the safety and health of those exposed to your water systems.

You can therefore be confident in choosing us for all your in-field sampling, water testing and laboratory analysis requirements.

  • More on metals analysis

Water testing and laboratory analysis services

Water Treatment Services offer two professional water testing, sampling and laboratory analysis services to support your water analysis needs and they are as follows:

  • Managed Water Sampling Services

    The first of our water sampling services involves one of our experienced in-field technicians visiting your site at an agreed time to take samples from your water systems.

    If required they will also help to identify suitable sampling points.

    Details of the sampling points and water samples are then recorded and the samples taken to the laboratory for evaluation.

  • DIY Water Sampling

    The second of our sampling services is a “do-it-yourself” style service.

    It involves us providing you with a comprehensive kit that includes specially sterilised 1 litre sample bottles, ID labels, and full instructions together with a FREEpost return facility.

    This sampling kit will allow you to collect the samples, record details of each sample point correctly and then courier them to us for evaluation.

How to test drinking water in 5 easy steps

Our water analysis, in-field sampling and laboratory testing services can be performed on a one-off or contract basis to suit your specific needs.

Please contact us to discuss your water quality analysis requirements in more detail… contact us →

Working to assist customers in all areas

Regardless of the reason why you need your water testing, it is reassuring to know Water Treatment Services has extensive experience across most sectors. For example we can provide water tests for cooling towers and closed circuit systems. We can also test water in swimming pools, spas, boreholes and even private water supplies.

We can also provide professional advice and support for any customers who believe they may need to test the quality of their water, but are unsure of which tests are required to best meet their needs.

Expert water testing and laboratory analysis support

Contact WTS today to find out more about our professional water testing laboratory and in-field water sampling solutions and how they can help improve your validation and regulatory compliance processes.

As a leading provider of water tests, sampling and laboratory water quality analysis procedures we can ensure you get the best possible services whenever you need them. Whether you need to test the water from a borehole, in a swimming pool or a cooling tower, you can rest assured you will receive exactly what you need with our professional solutions.

With offices in London serving the South and South East England, Manchester (North West), Birmingham (Midlands), Bristol (South East England and Wales), Leeds (North and North East) and Glasgow (Scotland), supported by teams of specially trained engineers, in-field site service specialists and technical experts we can offer professional, cost effective water quality testing and environmental support solutions across the UK and Ireland.

Contact us now for more information or for your FREE, no obligation quote.

Contact Us Today

You may also be interested in…

BREEAM indoor air quality plan

What is a BREEAM Indoor Air Quality Plan?

13 February, 2019
Read more
Sick building syndrome investigations

Sick Building Syndrome Investigations

3 February, 2019
Read more
LEV airflow indicators

LEV Airflow Indicators - Maintaining Extract Ventilation Performance

31 January, 2019
Read more
Side Stream Filtration to Improve Closed System Performance

Using Side Stream Filtration to Improve Closed System Performance

12 January, 2019
Read more
Hydrotherapy pool water safety

Managing Hydrotherapy Pool Water Safety

11 January, 2019
Read more
Greywater recycling

Adopting Greywater Recycling & Water Reuse Technologies

9 November, 2018
Read more
Seawater desalination

Is Seawater Desalination the Solution to Water Scarcity?

1 November, 2018
Read more
Borehole water wells

Borehole Water, Wells & Private Water Supplies

18 October, 2018
Read more
Trade effluent and liquid waste management

Trade Effluent & Liquid Waste Management

14 October, 2018
Read more
Cooling tower maintenance

Cooling Tower Maintenance

Read more
PreviousNext

Further reading…

More information on the testing of water samples and laboratory water analysis contact the experta at Water Treatment Services … here →

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